Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Galliformes > Phasianidae > Alectoris > Alectoris chukarAlectoris chukar (Chukar Partridge; Chukar)Synonyms: Perdix chukar (homotypic) Language: Spanish The chukar partridge or chukar (Alectoris chukar) is a Eurasian upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It has been considered to form a superspecies complex along with the rock partridge, Philby's partridge and Przevalski's partridge and treated in the past as conspecific particularly with the first. This partridge has well marked black and white bars on the flanks and a black band running from the forehead across the eye and running down the head to form a necklace that encloses a white throat. The species has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America and New Zealand. This bird can be found in parts of Middle East. |
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) Unique (100) Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) Unique & Vulnerable (100) ED Score: 4.47133 EDGE Score: 1.69952 |
| Adult Weight [1] | 1.058 lbs (480 g) | | Birth Weight [2] | 22.5 grams | | Female Weight [5] | 1.246 lbs (565 g) | | Male Weight [5] | 1.433 lbs (650 g) | | Weight Dimorphism [5] | 15 % |  | | Diet [3] | Carnivore (Invertebrates), Granivore, Herbivore | | Diet - Invertibrates [3] | 20 % | | Diet - Plants [3] | 70 % | | Diet - Seeds [3] | 10 % | | Forages - Ground [3] | 100 % | | | Clutch Size [7] | 9 | | Clutches / Year [4] | 1 | | Fledging [4] | 8 days | | Global Population (2017 est.) [6] | 9,000,000 | | Incubation [5] | 23 days | | Mating Display [2] | Ground display | | Maximum Longevity [4] | 6 years | | Snout to Vent Length [4] | 13 inches (34 cm) | | Wing Span [8] | 20 inches (.51 m) | | | Female Maturity [4] | 0 years 12 months | | | Wintering Geography [6] | Non-migrartory |
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| Name |
Countries |
Ecozone |
Biome |
Species |
Report |
Climate |
Land
Use |
|
Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests |
Greece, Turkey, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe |
Kazahkstan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
 |
|
Alashan Plateau semi-desert |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Altai alpine meadow and tundra |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
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Altai montane forest and forest steppe |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
Altai steppe and semi-desert |
Kazahkstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
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|
|
Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands |
Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Egypt , Iraq, Jordan, Syria |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe |
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert |
Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Tajikistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Balkan mixed forests |
Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Baluchistan xeric woodlands |
Pakistan, Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Bohai Sea saline meadow |
China |
Palearctic |
Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
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|
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests |
Iran, Azerbaijan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Caspian lowland desert |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Caucasus mixed forests |
Georgia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Armenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands |
Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Central Anatolian deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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|
Central Anatolian steppe |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
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|
Central Asian northern desert |
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Central Asian riparian woodlands |
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Central Asian southern desert |
Turkmenistan stretching, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
|
Central China loess plateau mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Crimean Submediterranean forest complex |
Russia, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
East Afghan montane conifer forests |
Pakistan, Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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Eastern Anatolian montane steppe |
Iran, Turkey, Armenia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Eastern Gobi desert steppe |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows |
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests |
Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Syria |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Elburz Range forest steppe |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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Emin Valley steppe |
China, Kazakstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow |
Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Gissaro-Alai open woodlands |
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Great Lakes Basin desert steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert |
Oman, United Arab Emirates |
Afrotropic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Helanshan montane conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
Hindu Kush alpine meadow |
Afghanistan, Pakistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Huang He Plain mixed forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
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Junggar Basin semi-desert |
China, Kazakstan, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
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|
Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe |
Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, India |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Kazakh forest steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
Khangai Mountains alpine meadow |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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Khangai Mountains conifer forests |
Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
Kopet Dag semi-desert |
Iran, Turkmenistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe |
Iran, Turkmenistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Mesopotamian shrub desert |
Iraq, Syria, Jordan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Middle East steppe |
Syria, Iraq |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Mongolian-Manchurian grassland |
China, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
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|
North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast China Plain deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests |
Turkey |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows |
China, Pakistan, India |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
Northwestern thorn scrub forests |
India, Pakistan |
Indo-Malayan |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Ordos Plateau steppe |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
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|
Pamir alpine desert and tundra |
China, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Paropamisus xeric woodlands |
Afghanistan |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
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|
Pontic steppe |
Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Qilian Mountains conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
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|
|
|
Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
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|
|
Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests |
China |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert |
Egypt, Jordan, Saudia Arabia, Yemen, Oman |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Rodope montane mixed forests |
Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan Intermontane steppe |
Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Sayan montane conifer forests |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe |
Mongolia, Russia |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests |
Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel |
Palearctic |
Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub |
|
|
|
|
|
Sulaiman Range alpine meadows |
Afghanistan, Pakistan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Taklimakan desert |
China |
Palearctic |
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan foothill arid steppe |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan montane conifer forests |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows |
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Tibetan Plateau alpine shrub and meadows |
China |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Trans-Baikal conifer forests |
Russia, Mongolia |
Palearctic |
Boreal Forests/Taiga |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows |
India, Nepal |
Palearctic |
Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Himalayan broadleaf forests |
India, Pakistan, Nepal |
Indo-Malayan |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests |
India, Pakistan, Nepal |
Indo-Malayan |
Temperate Coniferous Forests |
|
|
|
|
|
Zagros Mountains forest steppe |
Iran |
Palearctic |
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests |
|
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|
| Name |
IUCN Category |
Area acres |
Location |
Species |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA |
III |
184543 |
California, United States |
|
 |
|
|
|
Arches National Park |
II |
76539 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Badghyz Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
215164 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary |
IV |
3184 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Berwickshire and North Northumberland Coast |
|
160731 |
England/Scotland, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Big Morongo Canyon Preserve Area of Critical Environmental Concern |
V |
3906 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area |
V |
36286 |
Montana, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park |
II |
12551 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Canyonlands National Park |
II |
335430 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Reef National Park |
II |
243722 |
Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Carrizo Plain Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
7550 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Chail Sanctuary |
IV |
31333 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Chatkal Mountains Biosphere Reserve |
|
141740 |
Uzbekistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Chumbi-Surla Wildlife Sanctuary |
IV |
137833 |
Pakistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Colorado National Monument |
III |
20420 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Curecanti National Recreation Area |
V |
31032 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Dana Wildlife Reserve |
IV |
|
Jordan |
|
|
|
|
|
Daranghati Sanctuary |
IV |
8190 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Darlanghat Sanctuary |
IV |
28567 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Death Valley National Park |
II |
762125 |
California, Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge |
Ia |
|
Idaho, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Dinosaur National Monument |
III |
203307 |
Colorado, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Ehden Forest Reserve |
|
|
Lebanon |
|
|
|
|
|
Gamgul Siahbehi Sanctuary |
IV |
22296 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area |
V |
1087901 |
Arizona, Utah, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Gorge of Samaria National Park |
II |
21954 |
Crete, Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Grand Canyon National Park |
II |
1210128 |
Arizona, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Great Basin National Park |
II |
77367 |
Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Great Gobi National Park |
Ia |
13211440 |
Mongolia |
|
|
|
|
|
Great Himalayan National Park |
II |
184040 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Haleakala National Park |
II |
|
Hawaii, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |
|
177278 |
Hawaii, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Hawaiian Islands Biosphere Reserve |
|
245981 |
Hawaii, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Jabal Slenfeh State Forest Protection Zone |
|
9884 |
Syria |
|
|
|
|
|
Joshua Tree National Park |
II |
305076 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Kalatop Khajjiar Sanctuary |
IV |
|
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park |
|
|
Hawaii, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Kanawar Sanctuary |
IV |
19991 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Kaplankyr Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
1293994 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Karadagskiy Zapovednik Nature Zapovednik |
|
13876 |
Ukraine |
|
|
|
|
|
Kavkazskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
692723 |
Krasnodar, Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Kern River Preserve Nature Conservancy - Preserve |
Ia |
834 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Khazar Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
658105 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Kopetdagh Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
125705 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Kugitang Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
77308 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Kugti Sanctuary |
IV |
126362 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Mead National Recreation Area |
V |
670229 |
Arizona, Nevada, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Meredith National Recreation Area |
V |
|
Texas, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area |
V |
103172 |
Washington, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Lava Beds National Monument |
III |
20002 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Limestone Coast of South West Wales/ Arfordir Calchfaen de Orllewin Cymru |
|
3940 |
Wales, United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
|
Lippa Asrang Sanctuary |
IV |
15665 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Majathal Sanctuary |
IV |
5913 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Mesa Verde National Park |
II |
40098 |
Colorado, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve |
|
5901 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Aspiring National Park |
II |
473907 |
South Island, New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
|
Mujib Nature Reserve Wildlife Reserve |
IV |
|
Jordan |
|
|
|
|
|
Naina Devi Sanctuary |
IV |
9627 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Nanda Devi National Park |
II |
161583 |
Uttaranchal, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Nez Perce National Historical Park |
V |
2076 |
Idaho, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
OROS YMITTOS |
|
20558 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
Pinnacles National Monument |
V |
2869 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Rakchham Chitkul Sanctuary |
IV |
7320 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Rupi Bhaba Sanctuary |
IV |
211985 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
San Joaquin Biosphere Reserve |
|
4527 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Sechu Tuan Nala Sanctuary |
IV |
136473 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve |
II |
172261 |
California, United States |
|
|
|
|
|
Shilli Sanctuary |
IV |
498 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Syunt-Khasardagh Zapovednik State Nature Reserve |
Ia |
105306 |
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
Talra Sanctuary |
IV |
8910 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
|
|
|
Teberdinskiy Biosphere Reserve |
Ia |
210198 |
Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
Tundah Sanctuary |
IV |
26333 |
Himachal Pradesh, India |
|
|
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|
|
Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina (Ubsunur Depression) Zapovednik |
Ia |
798640 |
Tuva, Russia |
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|
|
|
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Wadi Rum Protected Area National Park |
V |
|
Jordan |
|
|
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|
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Yellowstone Biosphere Reserve |
II |
2196863 |
Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States |
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|
| Name |
Location |
IBA Criteria |
Website |
Climate |
Land Use |
|
Alacati |
Turkey |
A1, B1i, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Gndasar |
Armenia |
B1iv, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Jermook |
Armenia |
A1, B2, B3 |
|
|
|
|
Karaburun and Ildir Strait islands |
Turkey |
A1, A3, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Khosrov Reserve |
Armenia |
A1, A3, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Lefka mountains |
Greece |
B2, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Mount Asterousia (Kofinas) |
Greece |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Mount Dikti |
Greece |
B2, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Mount Idi |
Greece |
B2, B3, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Nisiros island and nearby islets |
Greece |
A4ii, B1iii, B2, B3, C2, C6 |
|
|
|
|
Noravank |
Armenia |
A1, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Samurski ridge |
Russia (European) |
A1, A2, A3, B2 |
|
|
|
|
Turianchai |
Azerbaijan |
B2 |
|
|
|
|
| Name |
Location |
Endemic |
Species |
Website |
|
Caucasus |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
Himalaya |
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan |
No |
|
|
|
Irano-Anatolian |
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan |
No |
|
|
|
Mediterranean Basin |
Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey |
No |
|
|
|
Mountains of Central Asia |
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
No |
|
|
|
Mountains of Southwest China |
China, Myanmar |
No |
|
|
|
 Attributes / relations provided by ♦ 1Storchová, Lenka; Hořák, David (2018), Data from: Life-history characteristics of European birds, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n6k3n ♦ 2Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605 ♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027 ♦ 4Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109 ♦ 5del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ♦ 6Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2017. Accessed on January 2018. ♦ 7Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K (2008) The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space PLoS Biol 6(12): e303. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060303 ♦ 8EFFECTS OF BODY SIZE ON TAKE-OFF FLIGHT PERFORMANCE IN THE PHASIANIDAE (AVES), BRET W. TOBALSKE AND KENNETH P. DIAL, The Journal of Experimental Biology 203,33193332 (2000) ♦ 9CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIET OF IRANIAN BIRDS, Abolghasem Khaleghizadeh, Mohammad E. Sehhatisabet, Екологія, Беркут 15, Вип. 1-2. 2006. pp. 145-150 ♦ 10Jorrit H. Poelen, James D. Simons and Chris J. Mungall. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. ♦ 11Gibson, D. I., Bray, R. A., & Harris, E. A. (Compilers) (2005). Host-Parasite Database of the Natural History Museum, London Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database |
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0
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